đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ (āĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ)
“āĻĻā§’āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§ āϰā§āĻŽāύāĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āϏā§āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧ āύāĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻ āϤā§āϤ⧠āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝ āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϤāĨ¤ āĻ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāϤāĨ¤ āĻ āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāϤāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āϏāĻāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻāϞ⧠āĻāύāϤā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϰā§āĻŽāϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻļā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĒāύā§āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ⧠āĻāϏā§āĨ¤”
đ English Translation (Standard for WBCS)
“Two thousand years ago the city of Rome was not only the strongest town in Italy, but was rapidly becoming the centre of a great empire. A few hundred years earlier, however, the Roman people often had to fight for their own safety. They were often at war with the other tribes who had towns in the hills not far away, for they all wanted to own the rich lands in the plains between them. Some were conquered and became part of the Roman state, and with others the Romans made agreements that they should be friendly and help each other.”
đ Line-by-Line Analysis with Bengali Grammar + English Grammar + Structure + Sentence Form
ā§§ī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻĻā§’āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āϰā§āĻŽāύāĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āϏā§āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧ āύāĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
English: Two thousand years ago the city of Rome was not only the strongest town in Italy, but was rapidly becoming the centre of a great empire.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞ (āĻ āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ)
- āĻāĻžāϰāĻ: āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāϰāĻŖ (āĻāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ), āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāϏā§āĻāĻ (āϰā§āĻŽāύāĻāϰā§)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Simple & Past Continuous
- Verb: was, was becoming
- Preposition: in, of
- Article: the, a
- Conjunction: not only… but also
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Compound sentence with contrastive clause
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (the city of Rome) + Verb (was / was becoming) + Object (the strongest town / the centre) + Preposition (in Italy / of a great empire)
⧍ī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻ
āϤā§āϤ⧠āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϤāĨ¤
English: A few hundred years earlier, however, the Roman people often had to fight for their own safety.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϤ (āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Modal (had to)
- Verb: had to fight
- Preposition: for
- Article: their, a
- Connector: however
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Simple sentence with time adverb
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (the Roman people) + Verb (had to fight) + Object (safety) + Preposition (for their own safety)
ā§Šī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻ
āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāϤāĨ¤
English: They were often at war with the other tribes.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāϤ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϤāĻž)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Continuous (habitual)
- Verb: were at war
- Preposition: with
- Article: the
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Simple habitual sentence
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (they) + Verb (were) + Object (at war) + Preposition (with the other tribes)
ā§Ēī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻ
āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
English: who had towns in the hills not far away
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāĻŋāϞ (āĻ āϤā§āϤ)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Simple
- Verb: had
- Preposition: in
- Article: the
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Relative clause
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (who) + Verb (had) + Object (towns) + Preposition (in the hills)
ā§Ģī¸âŖ
Bangla: āϏāĻŽāϤāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āϏāĻāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻāϞ⧠āĻāύāϤā§āĨ¤
English: for they all wanted to own the rich lands in the plains between them.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāĻžāĻāϤā§, āĻāύāϤ⧠(āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Simple
- Verb: wanted to own
- Preposition: in, between
- Article: the
- Conjunction: for
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Complex with reason clause
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (they) + Verb (wanted to own) + Object (the rich lands) + Preposition (in the plains / between them) + Conjunction (for)
ā§Ŧī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϰā§āĻŽāϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
English: Some were conquered and became part of the Roman state.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ (āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Simple (Passive)
- Verb: were conquered, became
- Preposition: of
- Article: the
- Conjunction: and
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Compound sentence with passive voice
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (some) + Verb (were conquered / became) + Object (part) + Preposition (of the Roman state)
ā§ī¸âŖ
Bangla: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĒāύā§āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ⧠āĻāϏā§āĨ¤
English: and with others the Romans made agreements that they should be friendly and help each other.
- đ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ:
- āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāϏ⧠(āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ + āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻž)
- đ English Grammar:
- Tense: Past Simple
- Verb: made, should be, help
- Preposition: with
- Article: the
- Conjunction: and, that
- đ§Š Sentence Structure: Complex sentence with noun clause
- đ Sentence Form: Assertive
- đ§ą Form: Subject (the Romans) + Verb (made / should be / help) + Object (agreements / each other) + Preposition (with others) + Conjunction (that, and)